Seizures can also be classified by onset and degree of CNS involvement (e.g., focal seizures, generalized seizures). Provoked seizures occur as a result of various seizure triggers and underlying conditions (e.g., stroke, traumatic brain injury, alcohol withdrawal), while unprovoked seizures occur in the absence of an identifiable cause. The underlying cause of seizures is a state of neuronal hyperexcitability, which may be temporary (e.g., due to electrolyte imbalances) or long-lasting (e.g., due to inherited or acquired neural abnormalities). A seizure is a transient manifestation of abnormal excessive or synchronous electrical brain activity that causes convulsions, loss of consciousness, and/or lapses of consciousness.
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